Chronology

"A compléter car j'ai été coupée dans mon élan par les résultats d'écrit...
Il reste certainement beaucoup de fautes et d'imprécisions..."
Gemina

  • 1763= treaty of Paris: ended Seven Year’s War
  • 1775 the beginning of the American Revolutionary War.
  • 1776= Declaration of Independance; before: American colonies subjected to British rule
  • 1784= First Land Ordinance
  • 1785 Treaty of Hopewell;
  • 1791: treaty of Holston: examples of failed treaties with Indians under Henry Knox
  • July 1787 =Northwest Ordinance
  • 1789-1791= George Washington: brief period of illusory unity
  • 1794= Jay treaty bet Gband US
  • 1795: Pinkney treaty= US right to navigate Mississ + deposit in New Orleans
  • 1796: John Adams president
  • Oct 1800: France acquires Louisiana from Spain
  • 1801: Jefferson’s 1st election as President
  • 1802: Trade and Intercourse Act;
  • 1803: Trade Act
  • ***January 1803: confidential message to Congress; 2500 dollars asked
  • April 1803: Napoleon officially declared he surrendered Louisiana; official ceremony= December 1803
  • June 1803: classified instructions to Lewis
  • 1805: Jefferson’s Second Inaugural Address

 

Previous expeditions

  • Missouri discovered in 1673 (French Joliett and Marquette) in quest ofr Northwest passage or passage to India + wish to control fur trade (fur capital= St Louis): first idea of symetrical river and reference to a deep lake emptiying in river flowing westward.
  • French initiative created jealousy in GB and Spain and British crown sponsored expeditions to find celebrated waterway
  • before the Expedition, years of intense cartographic activity: maps by Aaron Arrowsmith (1795 and 1802) that attracted Jeff’s attention because of the presence of a large river flowing westw.: river Oregan (= the Columbia)
  • Influence and source of information of captain James Cook’s Journals (exploration of pacific Northwest)
  • first project= 1783 when Jeff governor of Virgi; he feared the British would appropriate this palce and control it yet the Congress was reluctant to give the funds bec thought that peace treaty was most urgent issue of the time: asked Roger Clark (William’s brother) who politely declined
  • 1786: project with New Englander John Ledyard who thought expedition from pacific coast= better idea; followed his own programme and failed
  • 1792 with French botanist André Michaux; well organized plan with highly scientific purpose of compared studies on American species: failed bec of diplomatic intricaties and cross interets
  • Alexander Mackenzie
    En 1785, Jefferson est ambassadeur à Paris. Il y assiste au départ de l'expédition d'exploration de l'océan Pacifique dirigée par de Lapérouse, et organisée par Louis XVI pour faire pièce à celle du capitaine James Cook. Après les voyages de Cook, Lapérouse, Vancouver, et de Mackenzie, les côtes du Pacifique sont précisément dessinées. La mesure des longitudes permet de calculer l'exacte largeur du continent - cette donne importante pour lancer une expédition
  • pacific coast was no terra incognitae: Rogers and map drawer Carvr (1766): stops at Lake Superior
  • 1778: James Cook’s Revolution in Oregon: Cape Disappointement; Pacific coast: place of international tensions about otter’s fur (brown gold)

 

Dernière mise à jour le vendredi 7 avril, 2006