Un article de Wiki Agreg-Ink.

Version du 31 janvier 2014 à 09:41 Nicolas (Discuter | contribs) ← Différence précédente		Version du 31 janvier 2014 à 09:42 Nicolas (Discuter | contribs) Différence suivante →
Ligne 64:		Ligne 64:
	=Civilisation=		=Civilisation=
-	==Civilisation britannique	+	==Civilisation britannique==
	===Débat sur l'abolition de l'esclavage===		===Débat sur l'abolition de l'esclavage===

---

Version du 31 janvier 2014 à 09:42

Sommaire 1 Littérature 1.1 Roman 1.1.1 Brontë 1.1.2 Desai 1.1.3 Ford 1.1.4 Nabokov 1.1.5 Smollett 1.1.6 Steinbeck 1.2 Théâtre 1.2.1 Beckett 1.2.2 Everyman 1.2.3 Shakespeare 1.3 Poésie 1.3.1 Dickinson 1.3.2 Yeats 2 Civilisation 2.1 Civilisation britannique 2.1.1 Débat sur l'abolition de l'esclavage 2.1.2 Milton 2.2 Civilisation américaine 2.2.1 L'Empire de l'exécutif 2.2.2 Le Sud de l'après-Guerre de Sécession 2.2.3 The Federalist Papers 3 Linguistique 3.1 Segments de tronc commun 3.2 Option C 3.2.1 Passif 3.2.2 Prépositions 3.2.3 Subordonnées nominales en TO

Littérature

Roman

Brontë

• Erring in Jane Eyre
• The didacticism of Jane Eyre
• Reading the other and writing the self in Jane Eyre
• “They were under a yoke: I could free them” (p.328) in Jane Eyre
• Giving “furious feelings uncontrolled play” (p.31) in Jane Eyre

Desai

• Rituals in In Custody
• Vicariousness in In Custody
• The lofty and the lowly in In Custody

Ford

• Expectations in A Multitude of Sins

Nabokov

• Enchantment in Lolita
• Pictorialism in Lolita
• “Lolita is a tragedy”. Vladimir Nabokov, Letter to Morris Bishop, 6 March, 1956

Smollett

• Appearances in The Adventures of Roderick Random
• Progress in The Adventures of Roderick Random
• “The knavery of the world” (p.47) in The Adventures of Roderick Random

Steinbeck

• « maybe that is the Holy Sperit - the human sperit » in The Grapes of Wrath

Théâtre

Beckett

• The end of art in Endgame
• Seeing and being seen in Endgame
• “Nothing is funnier than unhappiness” (p.20) in Endgame

Everyman

• Théâtre et théologie dans Everyman
• Form and reform in Everyman
• Individuality and exemplarity in Everyman

Shakespeare

• Contradictions and paradoxes in King Lear
• Order, rule and hierarchy in King Lear
• “The promised end” (5.3.261) in King Lear
• Erring in King Lear
• Hierarchies in King Lear

Poésie

Dickinson

• “Trust in the Unexpected” (p.270) in The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson
• “Gem-Tactics” (p.151) in The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson
• Liminality in The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson

Yeats

• « Weaving olden dances » in the Selected Poems of W.B. Yeats

Civilisation

Civilisation britannique

Débat sur l'abolition de l'esclavage

• The end of slavery in Britain: Parliament's or the people's victory?
• "[...] the more the character of the planters is raised, the lower is sunk and depressed the system; for it is a fact sworn to by the planters themselves, that, notwithstanding their merciful conduct, in ten years one-sixth of the whole population has perished not murdered by the planters, but murdered by the system. There is no instance, I am ready to admit, of unnecessary oppression, but there have been instances of necessary oppression; and the system is shewn to be so destructive to human life, that it ought to be abolished." (Mr. Fowell Buxton, in Report of the Debate in the House of Commons, on Friday, the 15th of April, 1831; on Mr. Fowell Buxton's motion to consider and adopt the best means for effecting the abolition of colonial slavery. Extracted from the Mirror of Parliament, Part LXXXIII [London, 1831, p. 7])
• “Anti-slavery provided the opportunity for elevating Britain by seizing the initiative and restoring the British belief that they, above all others, were a people wedded to liberty. After all, which institution seemed more violent and more thoroughly a denial of liberties than the Atlantic slave trade?”, James Walvin, Britain’s Slave Empire. Stroud, Tempus, 2007 (2000), 96

Milton

• Freedom and knowledge in Miltonřs Areopagitica
• "[Milton] appears first as a regicide rather than as a republican." (Thomas N. Corns, 1995)

Civilisation américaine

L'Empire de l'exécutif

• The Reagan Presidency: restoration, renovation, revolution?
• "presidents are set too far above the people to be at one with them" (Bruce Miroff, 2006)

Le Sud de l'après-Guerre de Sécession

• Analysez et discutez : “Rather than simply emphasizing conservatism and continuity, a coherent portrait of Reconstruction must take into account the subtle dialectic of continuity and change in economic, social, and political relations as the nation adjusted to emancipation.” Eric FONER, “Reconstruction Revisited,” Reviews in American History, Vol. 10, December 1982, p. 87.
• “Rather than passive victims of the action of others or simply a ‘problem’ confronting white society, blacks were active agents in the

making of the Reconstruction.” Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877, New York Harper and Row, 1988, xxiv

• Re-visions of Reconstruction

The Federalist Papers

• “To the Federalists, the move for a new central government became the ultimate act of the entire Revolutionary era; it was both a progressive attempt to salvage the Revolution in the face of its imminent failure and a reactionary effort to restrain its excesses.” Gordon Wood, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787, Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 1969, p.475.
• Division in The Federalist Papers

Linguistique

Segments de tronc commun

• A tiny hamburger is what the fungus resembles
• Humiliated awareness
• It's not an easy skill to learn
• Might
• Must be doing
• No Saturday-night drunk

Option C

Passif

• The passive voice and transitivity.
• Although the choice of passive over active is not open, there are different discourse motivations which are conditioned by the immediate contextual environment. With the option of packaging the information differently in the passive, the speaker can use, the beginning or the end-position of a clause to emphasize his or her statements. (Anika Onken, "Bare passives and Relative Clauses" in Be-passive Forms as Modifiers, 2008, p.4).
• The fact that a difference of meaning expressed by copula + complement vs the passive compound is discernible without difficulty in most cases, raises the question of how the two constructions differ. (Walter Hirtle, Lessons on the English Verb, 2007, p. 262).
• The Passive is one type of construction that modifies the verbřs argument structure.
• The passive auxiliary is normally be. Its only serious contender is get, which however is not, by most syntactic criteria, an auxiliary at all. Moreover, get tends to be limited to constructions without an expressed animate agent. (R. Quirk, S.Greenbaum et al., A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, 1985, pp.160-161).
• The be-passive is stylistically neutral but get-passives are a mark of informal style. They are used for describing situations where the subject-referent is involved in bringing the situation about, or where there is an adverse or beneficial effect on the subject-referent. If no such factor is present, only the be-passive is acceptable. (Huddleston & Pullum, Introduction to English Grammmar, 2005, p. 245).
• Concerning agentless passives, Huddleston (1984, p. 441) observes: ŖThe agent is a freely omissible element of clause structure: there are no cases where the rules of syntax require an agent to be present. In this respect, it is quite different from the subject of the activeŗ.

Prépositions

• "Many place prepositions have abstract meanings which are clearly related, through metaphorical connection, to their locative uses." (R. Quirk, A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, 1985, p. 685). Discuss.
• Prepositions are either static or dynamic. Discuss.
• Infinitive nominal clauses and potentiality. Discuss.
• Concerning prepositions of time, R. Quirk et al. remarks : "At, on, and in as prepositions of 'time location' are to some extent parallel to the same items as positive prepositions of position, although in the time sphere, there are only two 'dimension-types', viz. 'point of time'

and 'period of time'. (A University Grammar of English, R. Quirk et al., Longman, 1st edition, 1973, p. 154)

• In Cognitive English Grammar (2007: 307-27), Radden & Dirven note that "notions of spatial dimension are expressed in English by topological, or dimensional prepositions":

zero dimensional: at the corner [point] one-dimensional: on the border [line] two-dimensional: on the table [surface] three-dimensional: in the bottle [container] Later they remark that topological prepositions may also refer to "domains other than physical space", like "time", "circumstance", "cause", "reason" and "purpose" (i.e. "abstract space"). Discuss.

Subordonnées nominales en TO

• [T]he infinitive evokes an event, and to, the movement from an instant situated before this event up to the instant at which the event begins. (P. Duffley, The English Infinitive, 1992, p.17).
• Nominal clauses function in a way similar to noun phrases, in that they may function as subjects or objects/complements in the main clause. (Ronald Carter & Michael McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English, 2007, p.565).
• On pourrait dire que ce qui sépare to des membres de la classe des modaux, cřest le fait que to ne dit rien sur les chances de réalisation de la prédication alors que les modaux, par nature, sont des instruments de modalisation interne, qui renferment un certain programme sémantique en plus de leur rôle plus formel au niveau de la prédication prédicative. Bref, it est absolument neutre quant à la réalisation effective de la soudure prédicationnelle. (Henri Adamczewski, Grammaire linguistique de l‟anglais, 1982, p.16).
• The TO-infinitive clause usually has no subject, although its subject is implied by the context."

(G. Leech, A Glossary of English Grammar, 2006, p. 113). Discuss.

• L'absence de sujet devant la forme non finie est généralement ramenée à un phénomène de co-référence, mais la non co-référence est tout à fait licite après certains verbes. Un exemple de non co-référence avec TO et l'infinitif apparaît dans des exemples qu'on peut considérer

comme des exemples de discours rapporté, say étant avant tout un prédicat qui introduit un contenu propositionnel sans que les relations intersubjectives soient prépondérantes." (A. Deschamps, in Morphosyntaxe du lexique 1, Travaux du Cerlico n°15, 2002, p. 31-46). Comment.

• I propose that all readings come from the inherent intentional reading of the [to]-complement interacting with contextual semantic factors such as governing predicate, modality and time." (J. Bresnan, 1979, Theory of Complementation in English Syntax, p.88). Comment.
• In Syntax, Vol. 2 (2001: 40), Givón writes: "Defined in the broadest semantic terms, verbal complements (V-Comp) are clauses that function as subject or object arguments of other clauses. But the resemblance between verbal complements and nominal arguments is only partial. At best, one may say that verbal complements are constructed by analogy with clausal subjects and objects.

a. She wanted an apple b. She wanted to eat an apple Since the prototype subject or object is nominal, it is only natural that complement clauses, even when not fully nominalized, should display some facets of non-finite, nominalized syntax." Explain, discuss and exemplify using relevant examples from the corpus.

• By definition, assertion is exclusively a function of finite verbs; and whatever is done by non-finites - e.g. by that non-finite called Řinfinitive,ř such as to leave, to rain - will not be called assertion. (Joos, The English Verb, 1964, p. 14).