Reconstruction Glossary

(Différences entre les versions)

Version du 10 septembre 2009 à 12:34

Lincoln (Abraham) (1861-1865) [1]
Johnson (Andrew) (1865-1869) [2]
Grant (Ulysses) (1869-1877) [3]
Hayes (Rutherford) (1877-1881) [4]
Garfield (James) (1881) [5]
Arthur (Chester) (1881-1885) [6]
Cleveland (Grover) (1885-1889) [7]
Harrison (Benjamin) (1889-1893)[8]
Cleveland (Grover) (1893-1897) [9]

Blaine (James) - Speaker of the House, twice Secretary of State (Garfield, Arthur), ran against Hayes for the Republican nomination in 1876, and was nominated in 1884, but lost to Grover Cleveland. Tainted by charges of corruption. [10]
Brownlow (William Gannaway) - methodist preacher, first post-war governor of Tennessee, newspaper editor, see rich page at Wikipedia [11], advocate of a strong test of loyalty to the Union for voting rights.
Douglas (Frederic) - prominent abolitionist appointed president of the Freedmen's Savings Bank. Entry needs completion! Wikipedia [12]
Houzeau (Jean-Charles) - Belgian journalist and astronomer, became the editor of the New Orleans Tribune in 1864, making it into a widely read journal whose influence spread far beyond Louisiana.
Philbrick (Edward S.) - oversaw the first attempt at Reconstruction on the Sea Islands.
Scott (Tom) -- president of the Texas-Pacific railroad
Small (Robert) - black war hero (the man who "stole" the Planter) who sparked a media frenzy when he was kicked off a Philadelphia streetcar in Jan 1865 for being black. This led to a number of Northern cities desegregating streetcars.

Davis Bend - Joe Davis' (Jefferson Davis' brother) prewar experiment to create an ideal slave community. Influence of Robert Owen.
Sea Islands - North Carolina. much publicized first attempt at reconstruction, Sherman authorized this effort at least partially in an attempt to free the army of the massive number of former that were following the army. Particular, as those freedmen originally from the Sea Islands had already had a certain degree of autonomy, and also because of the national coverage that it received (missionaries, investors, etc.)

Crédit Mobilier Scandal -- tainted the Grant administration, and was a major issue in the press during the 1872 campaign. The Crédit Mobilier of America had the same owners/directors as the Union Pacific Railroad Company and engaged in double billing of the US government. [13]

Freedmen's Bureau -- created in March 1865, based on the reports of Owen, McKaye, and Howe (American Freedmen's Inquiry commission). Encouraged the notion of reparations, it had the power to rent 40-acre plots of confiscated land. It's full name: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands.
New Orleans Tribune -- The paper's program included black suffrage, desegregation, equality before the law, and redistribution of plantations to the freedmen. The paper, founded in 1864 by Roudanez still exists today, though it is no longer bilingual French-English. [14]

Southern Homestead Act - prevented ex-Confederates from homestead rights for one year. Applied from 1866-1876. [15] Repeal of this act was one of the key issues in the Compromise of 1877.
Wade-Davis bill -- 1864. Required delaying reconstruction in a State until more than half of the white men had taken the Ironclad Oath. Lincoln used a pocket veto to bury the bill, and was accused of "dictatorial usurpation" by the bill's authors.

The Great Barbecue - name for the appropriations that facilitated in particular the building of railroads. The North profited disproportionately from these appropriations (from 1865-1873 out of a total of $103m, only $9.5m went to the South (source: Woodward citing Treasury Dept. figures))

 * '''Davis Bend''' - Joe Davis' (Jefferson Davis' brother) prewar experiment to create an ideal slave community.  Influence of Robert Owen.
 * '''Sea Islands''' - North Carolina.  much publicized first attempt at reconstruction, Sherman authorized this effort at least partially in an attempt to free the army of the massive number of former that were following the army.  Particular, as those freedmen originally from the Sea Islands had already had a certain degree of autonomy, and also because of the national coverage that it received (missionaries, investors, etc.)
+=Events=
+*'''Crédit Mobilier Scandal''' -- tainted the Grant administration, and was a major issue in the press during the 1872 campaign.  The Crédit Mobilier of America had the same owners/directors as the Union Pacific Railroad Company and engaged in double billing of the US government. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Mobilier_of_America_scandal]
 =Institutions=