Sigles et expressions utiles pour la CR aux concours
Un article de Wiki Agreg-Ink.
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| =Sigles utiles= | =Sigles utiles= | ||
| - | ''basé sur un document de Lallarookh'' | + | ''basé sur un document de Lallarookh'' et sur le rapport de l'agrégation externe 2010 |
| + | ==International== | ||
| + | *'''CETA''' : Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (traité de libre-échange entre le Canada et l'Union européenne) | ||
| + | *'''CITES''' : Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species | ||
| + | *''' The ECB''' : the European Central Bank (= la BCE) | ||
| + | *'''ECHR''' : European Court of Human Rights (Cour européenne des droits de l'homme, CEDH) | ||
| + | *'''ECJ''' : European Court of Justice (Cour européenne de justice) | ||
| + | *'''EEA''' : European Economic Area (Espace économique européen, désigne l'espace de libre circulation des personnes, des biens, des services et des capitaux au sein de l'Union européenne) | ||
| + | *'''the EEC''' : European Economic Community (= la CEE) | ||
| + | *'''EFTA''' : European Free Trade Association (Association européenne de libre-échange, AELE) | ||
| + | *'''EHIC''' : European Health Insurance Card | ||
| + | *'''EIB''' : European Investment Bank (Banque européenne d'investissement, BEI) | ||
| + | *'''ESM''' : European Single Market (marché intérieur de l'Union européenne, aussi désigné sous l'expression marché unique) | ||
| + | *'''the EU''' : European Union (= l'UE) | ||
| + | *'''FAO''' : Food and Agriculture Organization | ||
| + | *'''GDPR''' : General Data Protection Regulation (Règlement général sur la protection des données, RGPD) | ||
| + | *'''IAEA''' : International Atomic Energy Agency (Agence Internationale de l'énergie atomique, AIEA) | ||
| + | *'''ICC''' : International Criminal Court (Cour pénale internationale -CPI-, parfois appelée selon le procès, Tribunal pénal international, TPI) | ||
| + | *'''ICOMOS''' : International Council on Monuments and Sites | ||
| + | *'''ICRC''' : International Committee of the Red Cross (Comité International de la Croix Rouge) | ||
| + | *'''ICUN''' : International Union for Conservation of Nature | ||
| + | *'''IEA''' : International Energy Agency (Agence internationale de l'énergie) | ||
| + | *'''IMF''' : International Monetary Fund (= le FMI) | ||
| + | *'''ILO''' : International Labour Organization (Organisation internationale du travail, OIT) | ||
| + | *'''IOC''' : International Olympic Committee (Comité international olympique, CIO) | ||
| + | *'''IOM''' : International Organization for Migration (Organisation internationale pour les migrations, OIM) | ||
| + | *'''IPCC''' : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Groupe d'experts intergouvernmental sur l'évolution du climat, GIEC) | ||
| + | *'''NATO :''' North Atlantic Treaty Organization (=l'OTAN) | ||
| + | *'''NPT''' : Non-Proliferation Treaty (Traité de non-prolifération, TNP) | ||
| + | *'''an NGO''' : a Non-Governmental Organization (= une ONG) | ||
| + | *'''OECD''' : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) | ||
| + | *'''OPEC''' : Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (Organisation des Pays Exportateurs de Pétrole, OPEP) | ||
| + | *'''PCA''' : Permanent Court of Arbitration (Cour permanente d'arbitrage) | ||
| + | *'''TPP''' : Trans-Pacific Partnership (Accord de partenariat transpacifique / Partenariat Trans-Pacifique) | ||
| + | *'''TTIP''' : Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (Partenariat transatlantique de commerce et d'investissement) | ||
| + | *'''UNO''' : the United Nations Organization (ONU) | ||
| + | *'''UNWTO''' : United Nations World Tourism Organization | ||
| + | *'''WADA''' : World Anti-Doping Agency (Agence mondiale antidopage, AMA) | ||
| + | *'''WEF''' : World Economic Forum (Forum économique mondial, à Davos, où se rencontrent dirigeants d'entreprise et responsables politiques) | ||
| + | *'''WFP''' : World Food Programme (Programme alimentaire mondial, PAM) | ||
| + | *'''WHO''' : World Health Organization (Organisation mondiale de la santé, OMS) | ||
| + | *'''WTO''' : World Trade Organization (Organisation mondiale du commerce, OMC) | ||
| + | *'''WTTC''' : World Travel and Tourism Council | ||
| + | ==Africa== | ||
| + | *'''ACN''' : Africa Cup of Nations (Coupe d'Afrique des Nations, CAN) | ||
| + | *'''the ANC''' (in South Africa): African National Congress | ||
| + | *'''AU''' : African Union (Union africaine, réunion de 54 Etats du continent) | ||
| + | *'''CAR''' : Central African Republic (République centrafricaine) | ||
| - | == International == | + | ==Canada== |
| + | *'''NCC''' : Nature Conservancy of Canada | ||
| + | *'''NDP''' : New Democratic Party | ||
| + | ==Commonwealth== | ||
| + | *'''CHOGM''' : Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (réunion des chefs de gouvernement du Commonwealth, qui a lieu tous les deux ans) | ||
| - | *a UFO: an Unidentified Flying Object: un OVNI | + | ==India== |
| - | *NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization: OTAN | + | *'''ASI''' : Archaeological Survey of India |
| - | *the EU: European Union: UE | + | *'''BJP''' : Bharatiya Janata Party |
| - | *the EEC: European Economic Community: CEE | + | *'''CBI''' : Central Bureau of Investigation |
| - | *AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome: usage: an AIDS patient: SIDA | + | *'''INC''' : Indian National Congress |
| - | *HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus: usage: he/she is HIV positive | + | *'''IPL''' : Indian Premier League (cricket) |
| - | *MS: multiple sclerosis: usage: an MS sufferer | + | *'''ISRO''' : Indian Space Research Organisation |
| - | *an NGO: non-governmental organization: OGN | + | *'''JEE''' : Joint Entrance Examination (examen d'entrée pour des écoles d'ingénieur) |
| + | *'''PLSI''' : People's Linguistic Survey of India (enquête linguistique menée en 2010) | ||
| + | *'''RBI''' : Reserve Bank of India | ||
| + | ==Ireland== | ||
| + | *'''DUP''' : Democratic Unionist Party | ||
| + | *'''SDLP''' : Social Democratic and Labour Party | ||
| + | *'''TD''' : Teachta Dála (un membre de la chambre basse du Parlement) | ||
| + | *'''UUP''' : Ulster Unionist Party | ||
| - | == Africa == | + | ==Oceania== |
| + | *'''ACT''' : Australian Capital Territory | ||
| + | *'''ALP''' : Australian Labor Party | ||
| + | *'''ANU''' : Australian National University | ||
| + | *'''ANZAC''' : Australian and New Zealand Army Corps | ||
| + | *'''ANZUS''' : Australia, New Zealand and the United States (Security Treaty) | ||
| + | *'''APEC''' : Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (group) | ||
| + | *'''ARM''' : Australian Republican Movement | ||
| + | *'''PNG''' : Papua New Guinea | ||
| + | ==UK== | ||
| + | *'''ACE''' : Arts Council England | ||
| + | *'''BMA''' : British Medical Association | ||
| + | *'''The BEF''' : the British Expeditionary Force (le corps expéditionnaire britannique envoyé en France pendant la 1ère ou la 2ème guerre mondiale) | ||
| + | *'''the BNP''' : the British National Party | ||
| + | *'''BES''' : British Ecological Society | ||
| + | *'''CBI''' : Confederation of British Industry (organisation qui représente les entreprises en Grande-Bretagne) | ||
| + | *'''CIF''' : Creative Industries Federation | ||
| + | *'''CND''' : Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament | ||
| + | *'''CTA''' : Common Travel Area (frontière ouverte entre le Royaume-Uni et l'Irlande) | ||
| + | *'''DEFRA''' : Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs | ||
| + | *'''DPP''' : Director of Public Prosecutions | ||
| + | *'''DWP''' : Department for Work and Pensions | ||
| + | *'''ERS''' : Electoral Reform Society | ||
| + | *'''FCO''' : Foreign and Commonwealth Office | ||
| + | *'''IFS''' : Institute for Fiscal Studies | ||
| + | *'''GCHQ''' : Government Communications Headquarters (agence de surveillance électronique) | ||
| + | *'''a GP''' : General Practitioner | ||
| + | *'''HM''' : His/Her Majesty | ||
| + | *'''HMRC''' : Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs | ||
| + | *'''ICO''' : Information Commissioner's Office | ||
| + | *'''LAMDA''' : London Academy of Music & Dramatic Art | ||
| + | *'''LGA''' : Local Government Association | ||
| + | *'''a MMR vaccine''' : a vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella | ||
| + | *'''MOT''' : Ministry of Transport | ||
| + | *'''MPs''' : Members of Parliament | ||
| + | *'''MSPs''' : Members of the Scottish Parliament | ||
| + | *'''the MOT test''' : Ministry of Transport test (verifies that cars are roadworthy apparently)= contrôle technique. | ||
| + | *'''NAHT''' : National Association of Head Teachers | ||
| + | *'''NFU''' : National Farmers Union (en Angleterre et au pays de Galles) | ||
| + | *'''NHM''' : National History Museum | ||
| + | *'''the NHS''' : National Health Service | ||
| + | *'''NRS''' : National Records of Scotland | ||
| + | *'''the NT''' : National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or National Beauty | ||
| + | *'''The NUT''' : National Union of Teachers | ||
| + | *'''OBR''' : Office for Budget Responsibility | ||
| + | *'''OFSTED''' : Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills | ||
| + | *'''ONS''' : Office for National Statistics | ||
| + | *'''PHE''' : Public Health England | ||
| + | *'''PSNI''' : Police Service of Northern Ireland | ||
| + | *'''RA''' : Royal Academy | ||
| + | *'''RAS''' : Royal Astronomical Society | ||
| + | *'''the RAF''' : Royal Air Force | ||
| + | *'''RCEWA''' : Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art and Objects of Cultural Interest | ||
| + | *'''RCN''' : Royal College of Nursing | ||
| + | *'''RIBA''' : Royal Institute of British Architects | ||
| + | *'''RNLI''' : Royal National Lifeboat Institution (organisation dont la mission est le sauvetage en mer) | ||
| + | *'''RPS''' : Royal Photographic Society | ||
| + | *'''RSC''' : Royal Shakespeare Company | ||
| + | *'''the RSPCA''' : Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals : SPA | ||
| + | *'''RSPH''' : Royal Society for Public Health | ||
| + | *'''SMMT''' : Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders | ||
| + | *'''SNH''' : Scottish National Heritage | ||
| + | *'''SNP''' : Scottish National Party | ||
| + | *'''the TUC''' : Trade Unions Congress | ||
| + | *'''UCAS''' : Universities and Colleges Admissions Service | ||
| + | *'''UKIP''' : United Kingdom Independence Party | ||
| + | *'''WWT''' : Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust. | ||
| - | *the ANC (in Africa): African National Congress | + | ==US== |
| + | *'''ACA''' : Affordable Care Act (nom de la loi qui a réformé le système de santé pendant le premier mandat de Barack Obama) | ||
| + | *'''AIM''' : American Indian Movement | ||
| + | *'''the AARP''' : American Association of Retired Persons (powerful lobby) | ||
| + | *'''the ACLU''' : the American Civil Liberties Union [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union Wikipedia definition] | ||
| + | *'''the AFL/CIO''' : American Federation of Labor / Congress of Industrial Organizations (two labor organizations that joined forces in 1955) | ||
| + | *'''AUMF''' : Authorization for Use of Military Force | ||
| + | *'''CFPB''' : Consumer Financial Protection Bureau | ||
| + | *'''CORE''' : Congress Of Racial Equality | ||
| + | *'''a CPA''' : a Certified Public Accountant : un expert comptable | ||
| + | *'''CPB''' : Customs and Border Protection | ||
| + | *'''DA''' : District Attorney (équivalent d'un procureur dans le système judiciaire américain) | ||
| + | *'''DEA''' : Drug Enforcement Administration | ||
| + | *'''DMV''' : Department of Motor Vehicles | ||
| + | *'''DNC''' : Democratic National Convention | ||
| + | *'''DNI''' : Director of National Intelligence | ||
| + | *'''ERA''' : Equal Rights Amendment | ||
| + | *'''ESA''' : Endangered Species Act | ||
| + | *'''FDA''' : Food and Drug Administration | ||
| + | *'''FEMA''' : Federal Emergency Management Agency | ||
| + | *'''FTC''' : Federal Trade Commission | ||
| + | *'''HUAC''': House Un-American Activities Committee : Commission parlementaire menée par le Sénateur MacCarthy. | ||
| + | *'''ICE''' : Immigration and Customs Enforcement | ||
| + | *'''IRS''' : Internal Revenue Service | ||
| + | *'''LULAC''': League of United Latin-American Citizens | ||
| + | *'''MLB''' : Major League Baseball | ||
| + | *'''the NAACP''' : National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | ||
| + | *'''NATLFED''' : National Labor Federation | ||
| + | *'''NBA''' : National Basketball Association | ||
| + | *'''NCAA''' : National Collegiate Athletic Association | ||
| + | *'''the NFL''' : National Football League | ||
| + | *'''NHL''' : National Hockey League | ||
| + | *'''NOAA''' : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (agence fédérale qui dépend du Département du Commerce) | ||
| + | *'''NPS''' : National Park Service | ||
| + | *'''NRA''' : National Rifle Association | ||
| + | *'''NSA''' : National Security Agency , National Student Association | ||
| + | *'''RNC''' : Republican National Convention | ||
| + | *'''ROTC''' : Reserve Officers’ Training Corps | ||
| + | *'''SEC''' : Securities and Exchange Commission : organisme fédéral américain de réglementation et de contrôle des marchés financiers | ||
| + | *'''SCLC''' : Southern Christian Leadership Conference | ||
| + | *'''SDS''' : Students for a Democratic Society | ||
| + | *'''SNAP''' : Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program | ||
| + | *'''SOTU''' : Speech of the Union | ||
| + | *'''the SPCA''' : the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals : la SPA | ||
| + | *'''USTR''' : United States Trade Representative | ||
| + | *'''UCLA''' : University of California, Los Angeles | ||
| + | *'''YLP''' : Young Lords Party (a nationalist Puerto-Rican party based in New York and Chicago) | ||
| + | ==Others== | ||
| - | == UK == | + | *'''AIDS''' : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome : le SIDA |
| + | *'''HIV''' : Human Immunodeficiency Virus (usage : he/she is HIV positive) : séropositif | ||
| + | *'''JCB''' : une pelleteuse (d'après Joseph Cyril Bamford, fondateur de l'entreprise de construction) | ||
| + | *'''MS''' : Multiple Sclerosis (usage : an MS sufferer) : la sclérose en plaques | ||
| + | *'''NCO''' : non-commissioned officer (sous-officier) | ||
| + | *'''NIMBY''' : Not In My Back Yard | ||
| + | *'''SAHD''' : Stay At Home Dad | ||
| + | *'''SAHM''' : Stay At Home Mom | ||
| + | *'''a UFO :''' an Unidentified Flying Object : un OVNI | ||
| + | = Expressions à connaître = | ||
| + | (rapport agreg externe 2010 - classées par thèmes) | ||
| - | *a GP (UK): general practitioner | + | =='''The media'''== |
| - | *a MMR vaccine :a vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella | + | *'''Anchorman''' : Présentateur vedette |
| - | *MOT (UK): Ministry of Transport | + | *'''CCTV''' : Système de télésurveillance |
| - | *MPs (UK): Member of Parliament | + | *'''Columnist''' : Chroniqueur |
| - | *the MOT test (UK): Ministry of Transport test (verifies that cars are roadworthy apparently) | + | *'''Copy, draft, proofs''' : Exemplaire, ébauche, épreuves |
| - | *the NHS (UK): National Health Service | + | *'''Editor / chief editor''' : Rédacteur, rédacteur en chef |
| - | *the NT: National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or National Beauty | + | *'''"How Clean is your House ?"''' : "C’est du propre !", émission télé de coaching. |
| - | *the RAF (UK) Royal Air Force | + | *'''Newsroom''' : Rédaction |
| - | *the RSPCA (UK): Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals: SPCA (US) | + | *'''NYT''' : New York Times |
| - | *the TUC (UK): Trades Union Congress | + | *'''Press release''' : Dépêche |
| + | *'''Publisher''' : Editeur, Maison d’édition | ||
| + | *'''WHCA''' : White House Correspondents' Association | ||
| - | == US == | + | =='''US institutions '''== |
| + | *'''Attorney General''' : Ministre de la Justice | ||
| + | *'''Congress / the House of Representatives / the Senate''' : le Congrès, la Chambre des Représentants, le Sénat | ||
| + | *'''EO''' : Executive Order (signé par le président sans avoir besoin de l'accord du Congrès, qui a force de loi) | ||
| + | *'''GOP''' : Surnom historique du Parti Républicain ('''G'''rand '''O'''ld''' P'''arty) | ||
| + | *'''House of Representatives / Speaker''' : Chambre des Représentants / Le président de la Chambre des Représentants | ||
| + | *'''Secretary of State''' : Secrétaire d’Etat (équivalent du Ministre des Affaires Etrangères) | ||
| + | *'''Secretary of the Treasury''' : Secrétaire du Trésor (équivalent du Ministre de l'Economie) | ||
| + | =='''UK institutions'''== | ||
| + | * '''AM''' /'''Assembly Member''' : Députés de l'assemblée du Pays de Galles | ||
| + | *'''Chancellor of the Exchequer''' : Ministre de l'Economie | ||
| + | *'''Devolution''' : Dévolution des pouvoirs du gouvernement britannique aux différentes régions qui constituent le Royaume-Uni. | ||
| + | *'''England / United Kingdom / Britain''' : Angleterre / Royaume-Uni / Grande-Bretagne | ||
| + | *'''EVEL''' : English Votes for English Laws (possibilité pour les seuls MPs anglais à Westminster de voter sur des lois relatives à l'Angleterre) | ||
| + | *'''First Minister''' : Chef du gouvernement (en Ecosse, en Irlande du nord ou au Pays de Galles) | ||
| + | *'''Foreign Secretary''' : Ministre des Affaires Etrangères | ||
| + | *'''GCSE / A-Levels''' : Equivalent du brevet des collèges / du bac | ||
| + | *'''Home Secretary''' : Ministre de l'Intérieur | ||
| + | *'''House of Commons''' : Chambre des Communes | ||
| + | *'''House of Lords''' : Chambre des Pairs / des Lords | ||
| + | *'''Indyref''' : référence au référendum sur l'indépendance de l'Ecosse de 2014 | ||
| + | *'''The Leader of the Opposition''' : Le Chef de l’Opposition | ||
| + | *'''Lord Chancellor''' : Ministre de la Justice | ||
| + | *'''MP ''' : Député | ||
| + | *'''PM''' : Prime Minister (UK)Premier ministre | ||
| + | *'''The Shadow Cabinet''' : Le Cabinet fantôme (équipe parallèle au gouvernement formée par l'opposition à Westminster). | ||
| + | *'''The Speaker''' of the House of Lords /of the Commons : le président de la Chambre des Lords ou des Communes = ''' The Presiding Officer''' (in Scotland/ Northern Ireland /Wales) | ||
| - | *the AARP (US): American Association of Retired Persons (powerful lobby) | + | =='''EU institutions'''== |
| - | *the AFL/CIO (US): American Federation of Labor / Congress of Industrial Organizations (two labor organizations that joined forces in 1955) | + | *'''CE''' : Council of Europe |
| - | *a CPA (US): certified public accountant (expert comptable) | + | *'''The Commission''' : La Commission |
| - | *DMV (US): Department of Motor Vehicles | + | *'''MEP''' : Member of the European Parliament : Député Européen |
| - | *FDA (US): Food and Drug Administration | + | *'''Trade commissioner''' : Commissaire (attaché) au Commerce |
| - | *the NAACP (US): National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (website) | + | |
| - | *the NFL (US): National Football League?! (National Labor Federation = NATLFED) | + | |
| - | *NRA (US): National Rifle Association | + | |
| - | *SEC (US): Securities and Exchange Commission (gendarme de la bourse) Cf. AMF autorité des marchés boursiers? | + | |
| + | =='''US / UK education systems'''== | ||
| + | *'''Academic''' : universitaire (adjectif) | ||
| + | *'''A-levels''' = examens de fin d'éducation secondaire (GB) | ||
| + | *'''College''' (US) : faculté | ||
| + | *'''Comprehensive school(for a UK school)''' : lycée classique sans sélection. | ||
| + | *'''DOE = Department of Education''' (US): équivalent du rectorat | ||
| + | *'''He got an ‘F’''' : he failed. | ||
| + | *'''Further education''' /'''Higher education''' : Education Supérieur | ||
| + | *'''Grammar school''' (UK) : lycée public à recrutement sélectif | ||
| + | *'''High school''' (US): équivalent du lycée (généralement de la 9th grade à la 12th grade = 3è à Terminale) | ||
| + | *'''Junior high school''' (US) : équivalent du collège | ||
| + | *'''Kindergarten''' : maternelle | ||
| + | *'''League tables''' : palmarès national des établissements scolaires | ||
| + | *'''Local authorities''' : collectivités locales | ||
| + | *'''Middle school''' (US) : équivalent du collège (soit de la 5th grade à la 8th grade = CM2 à 4è, soit de la 6th grade à la 8th grade = 6è à 4è) | ||
| + | *'''The national curriculum''' : programme scolaire national obligatoire | ||
| + | *'''Principal (US) / Dean / Head teacher (UK)''' : Proviseur / Doyen / Proviseur | ||
| + | *'''Professor''' : Professeur des Universités | ||
| + | *'''Public schools''' (UK) : écoles privées | ||
| + | *'''Roman Catholic high school''' : lycée catholique | ||
| + | *'''(Senior) Lecturer / Visiting Fellow''' : Maître de conférence / Professeur invité (titulaire d’une bourse de recherche) | ||
| + | *'''Student loans and grants''' : prêts et bourses étudiants | ||
| + | *'''superintendant''' (US): équivalent du recteur | ||
| + | *'''UCAS''' (UK) : Universities and Colleges Admissions Services (charity whose role consists in providing the application process for British universities) | ||
| - | == Hot at the moment == | + | =='''Economy'''== |
| + | *'''AGM''' : annual general meeting (assemblée générale) | ||
| + | *'''To bail out''' : renflouer | ||
| + | *'''Benefits''' : allocations | ||
| + | *'''Cash for clunkers''' : Prime à la casse | ||
| + | *'''CPI''' : consumer price index (index des prix à la consommation) | ||
| + | *'''Company / student loan company''' : organisme de prêt étudiant | ||
| + | *'''Customs duties''' : droits de douane | ||
| + | *'''The Credit crunch''' : crise du crédit | ||
| + | *'''ECB''' : la Banque Centrale Européenne | ||
| + | *'''Engines of growth''' : les moteurs de la croissance | ||
| + | *'''Executive / Chief Executive / Chief Executive Officer''' : cadre / Directeur Général / PDG | ||
| + | *'''The Fed''' : Federal Reserve System (réserve fédérale américaine) | ||
| + | *'''Free circulation of people / workers''' : libre circulation des personnes / des travailleurs | ||
| + | *'''Industrial action''' : mouvement social | ||
| + | *'''IPO''' : initial public offering (introduction en bourse) | ||
| + | *'''Job interview''' : entretien d’embauche | ||
| + | *'''NAFTA''' : North American Free Trade Agreement (traité de libre-échange signé en 1994 entre le Canada, les Etats-Unis et le Mexique) | ||
| + | *'''QE''' : Quantitative Easing (assouplissement quantitatif) | ||
| + | *'''RBS''' : Royal Bank of Scotland | ||
| + | *'''Receivership''' : redressement judiciaire | ||
| + | *'''Retailer''' : détaillant | ||
| + | *'''Shares and securities''' : actions et valeurs mobilières | ||
| + | *'''SMEs''' : small and medium-sized enterprises (petites et moyennes entreprises) | ||
| + | * '''TINA''': There is no alternative : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_is_no_alternative | ||
| + | *'''(Trade) Union''' : syndicat | ||
| + | *'''USMCA''' : United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (renégociation du '''NAFTA''' en 2018) | ||
| - | *SAHD: stay at home Dad | + | =Autres Expressions = |
| - | *SAHM: stay at home Mom | + | *'''ASBO''' : Anti-Social Behaviour Order http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour_order |
| + | *'''the Backbone of England''' : nickname for the Pennine hills | ||
| + | *'''the Bard''' : nickname for Willam Shakespeare | ||
| + | *'''Bloody Mary''' : nickname of Mary Tudor | ||
| + | *'''the City (of London)''' : Quartier des affaires à Londres | ||
| + | *'''Downing Street''' : residence of the British Prime Minister. Also called '''"Number 10"''' | ||
| + | *'''the East End (in London)''': Autrefois, le quartier pauvre de Londres. | ||
| + | *'''Docklands (in London)''': le quartier des Docks à Londres (rénové dans les années 80) | ||
| + | *'''Fleet Street''' : a rather dated metonymy for the British national press. | ||
| + | *'''the Garden of England''' : a reference to Kent | ||
| + | *'''the Home Counties''' : a term which refers to the counties of South East England and the East of England which border London, but do not include the capital city itself. | ||
| + | *'''the Iron Lady''' : nickname given to Margaret Thatcher | ||
| + | *'''North of the Border / South of the Border''' = En Angleterrre / En Ecosse (expressions des médias écossais) | ||
| + | *'''OAP''' : old age pensioner | ||
| + | *'''the Old Lady (of Threadneedle Street)''' : surnom donné à la Banque d'Angleterre | ||
| + | *'''Oxbridge''' : contraction of Oxford and Cambridge. | ||
| + | *'''the South Bank (in London)''': rive sud de la Tamise (avec la Tate Modern, la BFI, le National Theatre et d'autres musées ou salles de spectacles) | ||
| + | *'''V&A''' : Victoria and Albert Museum à Londres | ||
| + | *'''the Virgin Queen''' / '''Gloriana''': Queen Elizabeth I | ||
| + | *'''the West End (in London)'''= Theatreland | ||
| + | *'''Westminster''': a metonymy for the UK Parliament. | ||
| + | *'''Whitehall''' : a metonymy for the UK governmental administration. | ||
| - | =Expressions à comprendre et à savoir expliquer= | ||
| - | *A-levels | + | *'''DC''' : District of Columbia (référence à la capitale fédérale américaine, Washington) |
| - | *Broadway (in New York) | + | *'''Bill of Rights''' : les dix premiers amendements de la Constitution américaine |
| - | *Capitol Hill | + | *'''The Big Three (US)''' : the big three automakers (Ford, Chrysler, General Motors) |
| - | *Comprehensive ( for a school) | + | *'''Black Thursday''' : Wall Street crash (October 24th, 1929) |
| - | *D-day | + | *'''Broadway (in New York)''' |
| - | *Docklands (in London) | + | *'''Capitol Hill''' : a metonymy for the US Congress |
| - | *Downing Street | + | *'''the Emerald City''' : Seattle |
| - | *Fleet Street | + | *'''Founding Fathers''' : les Pères fondateurs, les rédacteurs de la Constitution américaine |
| - | *further education | + | *'''D-day''' : Le Jour du Débarquement allié en Europe en juin 1944. |
| - | *He got an ‘F’ (he failed) | + | *'''the Gipper''' : Ronald Reagan |
| - | *higher education | + | *'''Honest Abe''' : Abraham Lincoln |
| - | *Oxbridge | + | *'''Ike''' : Dwight Eisenhower |
| - | *The Big Three (US): the big three automakers? (Ford, Chrysler, GM) | + | *'''the Ivy League (US)''' : Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Princeton, Yale. |
| - | *the City (London) | + | *'''La La Land''' = a derogatory nickname for Hollywood and its entertainment industry. |
| - | *the East End (in London) | + | *'''MOMA''' : Museum of Modern Art à New York |
| - | *the Home Counties | + | *'''Motor Town''' : Detroit |
| - | *the Ivy League (US) | + | *'''Ol' Blue Eyes''' : Frank Sinatra |
| - | *the M4 | + | *'''Old Hickory''' : Andrew Jackson |
| - | *the South Bank (in London) | + | *'''Pilgrim Fathers''' : les Pères pèlerins, arrivés à Plymouth en 1620 à bord du Mayflower |
| - | *Wall Street | + | *'''Wall Street''': Bourse de New York |
| - | *the West End (in London) | + | *'''the White House''' : Metonymy for the Presidential Palace in Washington D.C. |
| - | *the White House | + | *'''Windy City''' : Chicago |
| - | *Westminster | + | |
| - | *Whitehall | + | *'''Down Under/ The land of Oz''' : Australia |
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | *'''the Emerald Island''' : Ireland (la verte Erin) | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | *'''the M4 carbine''' = un type de carabine. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | *'''NIMBY''': Not in my backyard | ||
| - | =Comment varier son vocabulaire de présentation= | ||
| - | Liste de verbes pour remplacer "said" | ||
| - | *accused | ||
| - | *acknowledged | ||
| - | *added | ||
| - | *addressed | ||
| - | *admitted | ||
| - | *admonished | ||
| - | *advised | ||
| - | *affirmed | ||
| - | *agreed | ||
| - | *announced | ||
| - | *answered | ||
| - | *apologized | ||
| - | *appealed | ||
| - | *argued | ||
| - | *asked | ||
| - | *babbled | ||
| - | *bantered | ||
| - | *barked | ||
| - | *bawled | ||
| - | *begged | ||
| - | *belched | ||
| - | *bellowed | ||
| - | *berated | ||
| - | *blamed | ||
| - | *blubbered | ||
| - | *blurted | ||
| - | *bragged | ||
| - | *butted in | ||
| - | *called | ||
| - | *cautioned | ||
| - | *challenged | ||
| - | *chanted | ||
| - | *charged | ||
| - | *chatted | ||
| - | *cheered | ||
| - | *chirped | ||
| - | *choked | ||
| - | *chuckled | ||
| - | *claimed | ||
| - | *clamored | ||
| - | *clarified | ||
| - | *coached | ||
| - | *comforted | ||
| - | *commented | ||
| - | *complained | ||
| - | *complimented | ||
| - | *concluded | ||
| - | *condemned | ||
| - | *conducted | ||
| - | *confessed | ||
| - | *confirmed | ||
| - | *conflicted | ||
| - | *congratulated | ||
| - | *considered | ||
| - | *contemplated | ||
| - | *corrected | ||
| - | *cracked | ||
| - | *cried | ||
| - | *croaked | ||
| - | *crowed | ||
| - | *dared | ||
| - | *declaimed | ||
| - | *declared | ||
| - | *declined | ||
| - | *demanded | ||
| - | *denied | ||
| - | *denounced | ||
| - | *described | ||
| - | *differed | ||
| - | *directed | ||
| - | *disagreed | ||
| - | *disapproved | ||
| - | *disclosed | ||
| - | *disputed | ||
| - | *dissented | ||
| - | *drawled | ||
| - | *droned on | ||
| - | *dragged out | ||
| - | *echoed | ||
| - | *encouraged | ||
| - | *enlightened | ||
| - | *entreated | ||
| - | *exaggerated | ||
| - | *exclaimed | ||
| - | *explained | ||
| - | *expressed | ||
| - | *fibbed | ||
| - | *fretted | ||
| - | *fussed | ||
| - | *gabbed | ||
| - | *gasped | ||
| - | *giggled | ||
| - | *greeted | ||
| - | *grieved | ||
| - | *groaned | ||
| - | *growled | ||
| - | *grumbled | ||
| - | *grunted | ||
| - | *guessed | ||
| - | *harassed | ||
| - | *hesitated | ||
| - | *hinted | ||
| - | *hissed | ||
| - | *howled | ||
| - | *hummed | ||
| - | *illuminated | ||
| - | *imparted | ||
| - | *implied | ||
| - | *indicted | ||
| - | *informed | ||
| - | *inquired | ||
| - | *insisted | ||
| - | *instructed | ||
| - | *insulted | ||
| - | *interrogated | ||
| - | *interrupted | ||
| - | *jeered | ||
| - | *jested | ||
| - | *joked | ||
| - | *lamented | ||
| - | *laughed | ||
| - | *lectured | ||
| - | *lied | ||
| - | *mentioned | ||
| - | *moaned | ||
| - | *mocked | ||
| - | *mourned | ||
| - | *mumbled | ||
| - | *murmured | ||
| - | *mused | ||
| - | *muttered | ||
| - | *nagged | ||
| - | *named | ||
| - | *needled | ||
| - | *noted | ||
| - | *nudged | ||
| - | *objected | ||
| - | *observed | ||
| - | *offered | ||
| - | *orated | ||
| - | *ordered | ||
| - | *outlined | ||
| - | *panted | ||
| - | *pestered | ||
| - | *pleaded | ||
| - | *pointed out | ||
| - | *pondered | ||
| - | *pounded | ||
| - | *pouted | ||
| - | *praised | ||
| - | *prayed | ||
| - | *preached | ||
| - | *prescribed | ||
| - | *presented | ||
| - | *proceeded | ||
| - | *proclaimed | ||
| - | *professed | ||
| - | *promoted | ||
| - | *pronounced | ||
| - | *proposed | ||
| - | *protested | ||
| - | *proved | ||
| - | *provoked | ||
| - | *quarreled | ||
| - | *questioned | ||
| - | *rambled | ||
| - | *ranted | ||
| - | *rasped | ||
| - | *raved | ||
| - | *reacted | ||
| - | *read | ||
| - | *realized | ||
| - | *reassured | ||
| - | *rebuked | ||
| - | *recalled | ||
| - | *reciprocated | ||
| - | *recited | ||
| - | *recounted | ||
| - | *referred | ||
| - | *reflected | ||
| - | *refused | ||
| - | *rehearsed | ||
| - | *reinforced | ||
| - | *rejected | ||
| - | *remarked | ||
| - | *reminded | ||
| - | *reminded | ||
| - | *repeated | ||
| - | *replied | ||
| - | *reported | ||
| - | *requested | ||
| - | *responded | ||
| - | *retaliated | ||
| - | *retold | ||
| - | *retorted | ||
| - | *retracted | ||
| - | *roared | ||
| - | *rumbled | ||
| - | *saluted | ||
| - | *sang | ||
| - | *sassed | ||
| - | *scolded | ||
| - | *screamed | ||
| - | *screeched | ||
| - | *shouted | ||
| - | *shrieked | ||
| - | *sighed | ||
| - | *snapped | ||
| - | *snarled | ||
| - | *sneered | ||
| - | *snickered | ||
| - | *snorted | ||
| - | *sobbed | ||
| - | *spat | ||
| - | *spoke | ||
| - | *squalled | ||
| - | *squawked | ||
| - | *squeaked | ||
| - | *squealed | ||
| - | *stated | ||
| - | *strained | ||
| - | *stuttered | ||
| - | *submitted | ||
| - | *suggested | ||
| - | *swayed | ||
| - | *swore | ||
| - | *teased | ||
| - | *thought | ||
| - | *threatened | ||
| - | *told | ||
| - | *urged | ||
| - | *uttered | ||
| - | *verified | ||
| - | *vocalized | ||
| - | *volunteered | ||
| - | *wailed | ||
| - | *warned | ||
| - | *wept | ||
| - | *whimpered | ||
| - | *whined | ||
| - | *whispered | ||
| - | *whistled | ||
| - | *withdrew | ||
| - | *yelled | ||
| - | *yelped | ||
| [[Category: Concours - Agrégation]] [[Category: Concours - CAPES]] | [[Category: Concours - Agrégation]] [[Category: Concours - CAPES]] | ||
Version actuelle
Sommaire |
[modifier]
Sigles utiles
basé sur un document de Lallarookh et sur le rapport de l'agrégation externe 2010
[modifier]
International
- CETA : Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (traité de libre-échange entre le Canada et l'Union européenne)
- CITES : Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
- The ECB : the European Central Bank (= la BCE)
- ECHR : European Court of Human Rights (Cour européenne des droits de l'homme, CEDH)
- ECJ : European Court of Justice (Cour européenne de justice)
- EEA : European Economic Area (Espace économique européen, désigne l'espace de libre circulation des personnes, des biens, des services et des capitaux au sein de l'Union européenne)
- the EEC : European Economic Community (= la CEE)
- EFTA : European Free Trade Association (Association européenne de libre-échange, AELE)
- EHIC : European Health Insurance Card
- EIB : European Investment Bank (Banque européenne d'investissement, BEI)
- ESM : European Single Market (marché intérieur de l'Union européenne, aussi désigné sous l'expression marché unique)
- the EU : European Union (= l'UE)
- FAO : Food and Agriculture Organization
- GDPR : General Data Protection Regulation (Règlement général sur la protection des données, RGPD)
- IAEA : International Atomic Energy Agency (Agence Internationale de l'énergie atomique, AIEA)
- ICC : International Criminal Court (Cour pénale internationale -CPI-, parfois appelée selon le procès, Tribunal pénal international, TPI)
- ICOMOS : International Council on Monuments and Sites
- ICRC : International Committee of the Red Cross (Comité International de la Croix Rouge)
- ICUN : International Union for Conservation of Nature
- IEA : International Energy Agency (Agence internationale de l'énergie)
- IMF : International Monetary Fund (= le FMI)
- ILO : International Labour Organization (Organisation internationale du travail, OIT)
- IOC : International Olympic Committee (Comité international olympique, CIO)
- IOM : International Organization for Migration (Organisation internationale pour les migrations, OIM)
- IPCC : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Groupe d'experts intergouvernmental sur l'évolution du climat, GIEC)
- NATO : North Atlantic Treaty Organization (=l'OTAN)
- NPT : Non-Proliferation Treaty (Traité de non-prolifération, TNP)
- an NGO : a Non-Governmental Organization (= une ONG)
- OECD : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE)
- OPEC : Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (Organisation des Pays Exportateurs de Pétrole, OPEP)
- PCA : Permanent Court of Arbitration (Cour permanente d'arbitrage)
- TPP : Trans-Pacific Partnership (Accord de partenariat transpacifique / Partenariat Trans-Pacifique)
- TTIP : Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (Partenariat transatlantique de commerce et d'investissement)
- UNO : the United Nations Organization (ONU)
- UNWTO : United Nations World Tourism Organization
- WADA : World Anti-Doping Agency (Agence mondiale antidopage, AMA)
- WEF : World Economic Forum (Forum économique mondial, à Davos, où se rencontrent dirigeants d'entreprise et responsables politiques)
- WFP : World Food Programme (Programme alimentaire mondial, PAM)
- WHO : World Health Organization (Organisation mondiale de la santé, OMS)
- WTO : World Trade Organization (Organisation mondiale du commerce, OMC)
- WTTC : World Travel and Tourism Council
[modifier]
Africa
- ACN : Africa Cup of Nations (Coupe d'Afrique des Nations, CAN)
- the ANC (in South Africa): African National Congress
- AU : African Union (Union africaine, réunion de 54 Etats du continent)
- CAR : Central African Republic (République centrafricaine)
[modifier]
Canada
- NCC : Nature Conservancy of Canada
- NDP : New Democratic Party
[modifier]
Commonwealth
- CHOGM : Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (réunion des chefs de gouvernement du Commonwealth, qui a lieu tous les deux ans)
[modifier]
India
- ASI : Archaeological Survey of India
- BJP : Bharatiya Janata Party
- CBI : Central Bureau of Investigation
- INC : Indian National Congress
- IPL : Indian Premier League (cricket)
- ISRO : Indian Space Research Organisation
- JEE : Joint Entrance Examination (examen d'entrée pour des écoles d'ingénieur)
- PLSI : People's Linguistic Survey of India (enquête linguistique menée en 2010)
- RBI : Reserve Bank of India
[modifier]
Ireland
- DUP : Democratic Unionist Party
- SDLP : Social Democratic and Labour Party
- TD : Teachta Dála (un membre de la chambre basse du Parlement)
- UUP : Ulster Unionist Party
[modifier]
Oceania
- ACT : Australian Capital Territory
- ALP : Australian Labor Party
- ANU : Australian National University
- ANZAC : Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
- ANZUS : Australia, New Zealand and the United States (Security Treaty)
- APEC : Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (group)
- ARM : Australian Republican Movement
- PNG : Papua New Guinea
[modifier]
UK
- ACE : Arts Council England
- BMA : British Medical Association
- The BEF : the British Expeditionary Force (le corps expéditionnaire britannique envoyé en France pendant la 1ère ou la 2ème guerre mondiale)
- the BNP : the British National Party
- BES : British Ecological Society
- CBI : Confederation of British Industry (organisation qui représente les entreprises en Grande-Bretagne)
- CIF : Creative Industries Federation
- CND : Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
- CTA : Common Travel Area (frontière ouverte entre le Royaume-Uni et l'Irlande)
- DEFRA : Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
- DPP : Director of Public Prosecutions
- DWP : Department for Work and Pensions
- ERS : Electoral Reform Society
- FCO : Foreign and Commonwealth Office
- IFS : Institute for Fiscal Studies
- GCHQ : Government Communications Headquarters (agence de surveillance électronique)
- a GP : General Practitioner
- HM : His/Her Majesty
- HMRC : Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs
- ICO : Information Commissioner's Office
- LAMDA : London Academy of Music & Dramatic Art
- LGA : Local Government Association
- a MMR vaccine : a vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella
- MOT : Ministry of Transport
- MPs : Members of Parliament
- MSPs : Members of the Scottish Parliament
- the MOT test : Ministry of Transport test (verifies that cars are roadworthy apparently)= contrôle technique.
- NAHT : National Association of Head Teachers
- NFU : National Farmers Union (en Angleterre et au pays de Galles)
- NHM : National History Museum
- the NHS : National Health Service
- NRS : National Records of Scotland
- the NT : National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or National Beauty
- The NUT : National Union of Teachers
- OBR : Office for Budget Responsibility
- OFSTED : Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills
- ONS : Office for National Statistics
- PHE : Public Health England
- PSNI : Police Service of Northern Ireland
- RA : Royal Academy
- RAS : Royal Astronomical Society
- the RAF : Royal Air Force
- RCEWA : Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art and Objects of Cultural Interest
- RCN : Royal College of Nursing
- RIBA : Royal Institute of British Architects
- RNLI : Royal National Lifeboat Institution (organisation dont la mission est le sauvetage en mer)
- RPS : Royal Photographic Society
- RSC : Royal Shakespeare Company
- the RSPCA : Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals : SPA
- RSPH : Royal Society for Public Health
- SMMT : Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders
- SNH : Scottish National Heritage
- SNP : Scottish National Party
- the TUC : Trade Unions Congress
- UCAS : Universities and Colleges Admissions Service
- UKIP : United Kingdom Independence Party
- WWT : Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust.
[modifier]
US
- ACA : Affordable Care Act (nom de la loi qui a réformé le système de santé pendant le premier mandat de Barack Obama)
- AIM : American Indian Movement
- the AARP : American Association of Retired Persons (powerful lobby)
- the ACLU : the American Civil Liberties Union Wikipedia definition
- the AFL/CIO : American Federation of Labor / Congress of Industrial Organizations (two labor organizations that joined forces in 1955)
- AUMF : Authorization for Use of Military Force
- CFPB : Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
- CORE : Congress Of Racial Equality
- a CPA : a Certified Public Accountant : un expert comptable
- CPB : Customs and Border Protection
- DA : District Attorney (équivalent d'un procureur dans le système judiciaire américain)
- DEA : Drug Enforcement Administration
- DMV : Department of Motor Vehicles
- DNC : Democratic National Convention
- DNI : Director of National Intelligence
- ERA : Equal Rights Amendment
- ESA : Endangered Species Act
- FDA : Food and Drug Administration
- FEMA : Federal Emergency Management Agency
- FTC : Federal Trade Commission
- HUAC: House Un-American Activities Committee : Commission parlementaire menée par le Sénateur MacCarthy.
- ICE : Immigration and Customs Enforcement
- IRS : Internal Revenue Service
- LULAC: League of United Latin-American Citizens
- MLB : Major League Baseball
- the NAACP : National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- NATLFED : National Labor Federation
- NBA : National Basketball Association
- NCAA : National Collegiate Athletic Association
- the NFL : National Football League
- NHL : National Hockey League
- NOAA : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (agence fédérale qui dépend du Département du Commerce)
- NPS : National Park Service
- NRA : National Rifle Association
- NSA : National Security Agency , National Student Association
- RNC : Republican National Convention
- ROTC : Reserve Officers’ Training Corps
- SEC : Securities and Exchange Commission : organisme fédéral américain de réglementation et de contrôle des marchés financiers
- SCLC : Southern Christian Leadership Conference
- SDS : Students for a Democratic Society
- SNAP : Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
- SOTU : Speech of the Union
- the SPCA : the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals : la SPA
- USTR : United States Trade Representative
- UCLA : University of California, Los Angeles
- YLP : Young Lords Party (a nationalist Puerto-Rican party based in New York and Chicago)
[modifier]
Others
- AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome : le SIDA
- HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus (usage : he/she is HIV positive) : séropositif
- JCB : une pelleteuse (d'après Joseph Cyril Bamford, fondateur de l'entreprise de construction)
- MS : Multiple Sclerosis (usage : an MS sufferer) : la sclérose en plaques
- NCO : non-commissioned officer (sous-officier)
- NIMBY : Not In My Back Yard
- SAHD : Stay At Home Dad
- SAHM : Stay At Home Mom
- a UFO : an Unidentified Flying Object : un OVNI
[modifier]
Expressions à connaître
(rapport agreg externe 2010 - classées par thèmes)
[modifier]
The media
- Anchorman : Présentateur vedette
- CCTV : Système de télésurveillance
- Columnist : Chroniqueur
- Copy, draft, proofs : Exemplaire, ébauche, épreuves
- Editor / chief editor : Rédacteur, rédacteur en chef
- "How Clean is your House ?" : "C’est du propre !", émission télé de coaching.
- Newsroom : Rédaction
- NYT : New York Times
- Press release : Dépêche
- Publisher : Editeur, Maison d’édition
- WHCA : White House Correspondents' Association
[modifier]
US institutions
- Attorney General : Ministre de la Justice
- Congress / the House of Representatives / the Senate : le Congrès, la Chambre des Représentants, le Sénat
- EO : Executive Order (signé par le président sans avoir besoin de l'accord du Congrès, qui a force de loi)
- GOP : Surnom historique du Parti Républicain (Grand Old Party)
- House of Representatives / Speaker : Chambre des Représentants / Le président de la Chambre des Représentants
- Secretary of State : Secrétaire d’Etat (équivalent du Ministre des Affaires Etrangères)
- Secretary of the Treasury : Secrétaire du Trésor (équivalent du Ministre de l'Economie)
[modifier]
UK institutions
- AM /Assembly Member : Députés de l'assemblée du Pays de Galles
- Chancellor of the Exchequer : Ministre de l'Economie
- Devolution : Dévolution des pouvoirs du gouvernement britannique aux différentes régions qui constituent le Royaume-Uni.
- England / United Kingdom / Britain : Angleterre / Royaume-Uni / Grande-Bretagne
- EVEL : English Votes for English Laws (possibilité pour les seuls MPs anglais à Westminster de voter sur des lois relatives à l'Angleterre)
- First Minister : Chef du gouvernement (en Ecosse, en Irlande du nord ou au Pays de Galles)
- Foreign Secretary : Ministre des Affaires Etrangères
- GCSE / A-Levels : Equivalent du brevet des collèges / du bac
- Home Secretary : Ministre de l'Intérieur
- House of Commons : Chambre des Communes
- House of Lords : Chambre des Pairs / des Lords
- Indyref : référence au référendum sur l'indépendance de l'Ecosse de 2014
- The Leader of the Opposition : Le Chef de l’Opposition
- Lord Chancellor : Ministre de la Justice
- MP : Député
- PM : Prime Minister (UK)Premier ministre
- The Shadow Cabinet : Le Cabinet fantôme (équipe parallèle au gouvernement formée par l'opposition à Westminster).
- The Speaker of the House of Lords /of the Commons : le président de la Chambre des Lords ou des Communes = The Presiding Officer (in Scotland/ Northern Ireland /Wales)
[modifier]
EU institutions
- CE : Council of Europe
- The Commission : La Commission
- MEP : Member of the European Parliament : Député Européen
- Trade commissioner : Commissaire (attaché) au Commerce
[modifier]
US / UK education systems
- Academic : universitaire (adjectif)
- A-levels = examens de fin d'éducation secondaire (GB)
- College (US) : faculté
- Comprehensive school(for a UK school) : lycée classique sans sélection.
- DOE = Department of Education (US): équivalent du rectorat
- He got an ‘F’ : he failed.
- Further education /Higher education : Education Supérieur
- Grammar school (UK) : lycée public à recrutement sélectif
- High school (US): équivalent du lycée (généralement de la 9th grade à la 12th grade = 3è à Terminale)
- Junior high school (US) : équivalent du collège
- Kindergarten : maternelle
- League tables : palmarès national des établissements scolaires
- Local authorities : collectivités locales
- Middle school (US) : équivalent du collège (soit de la 5th grade à la 8th grade = CM2 à 4è, soit de la 6th grade à la 8th grade = 6è à 4è)
- The national curriculum : programme scolaire national obligatoire
- Principal (US) / Dean / Head teacher (UK) : Proviseur / Doyen / Proviseur
- Professor : Professeur des Universités
- Public schools (UK) : écoles privées
- Roman Catholic high school : lycée catholique
- (Senior) Lecturer / Visiting Fellow : Maître de conférence / Professeur invité (titulaire d’une bourse de recherche)
- Student loans and grants : prêts et bourses étudiants
- superintendant (US): équivalent du recteur
- UCAS (UK) : Universities and Colleges Admissions Services (charity whose role consists in providing the application process for British universities)
[modifier]
Economy
- AGM : annual general meeting (assemblée générale)
- To bail out : renflouer
- Benefits : allocations
- Cash for clunkers : Prime à la casse
- CPI : consumer price index (index des prix à la consommation)
- Company / student loan company : organisme de prêt étudiant
- Customs duties : droits de douane
- The Credit crunch : crise du crédit
- ECB : la Banque Centrale Européenne
- Engines of growth : les moteurs de la croissance
- Executive / Chief Executive / Chief Executive Officer : cadre / Directeur Général / PDG
- The Fed : Federal Reserve System (réserve fédérale américaine)
- Free circulation of people / workers : libre circulation des personnes / des travailleurs
- Industrial action : mouvement social
- IPO : initial public offering (introduction en bourse)
- Job interview : entretien d’embauche
- NAFTA : North American Free Trade Agreement (traité de libre-échange signé en 1994 entre le Canada, les Etats-Unis et le Mexique)
- QE : Quantitative Easing (assouplissement quantitatif)
- RBS : Royal Bank of Scotland
- Receivership : redressement judiciaire
- Retailer : détaillant
- Shares and securities : actions et valeurs mobilières
- SMEs : small and medium-sized enterprises (petites et moyennes entreprises)
- TINA: There is no alternative : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_is_no_alternative
- (Trade) Union : syndicat
- USMCA : United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (renégociation du NAFTA en 2018)
[modifier]
Autres Expressions
- ASBO : Anti-Social Behaviour Order http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour_order
- the Backbone of England : nickname for the Pennine hills
- the Bard : nickname for Willam Shakespeare
- Bloody Mary : nickname of Mary Tudor
- the City (of London) : Quartier des affaires à Londres
- Downing Street : residence of the British Prime Minister. Also called "Number 10"
- the East End (in London): Autrefois, le quartier pauvre de Londres.
- Docklands (in London): le quartier des Docks à Londres (rénové dans les années 80)
- Fleet Street : a rather dated metonymy for the British national press.
- the Garden of England : a reference to Kent
- the Home Counties : a term which refers to the counties of South East England and the East of England which border London, but do not include the capital city itself.
- the Iron Lady : nickname given to Margaret Thatcher
- North of the Border / South of the Border = En Angleterrre / En Ecosse (expressions des médias écossais)
- OAP : old age pensioner
- the Old Lady (of Threadneedle Street) : surnom donné à la Banque d'Angleterre
- Oxbridge : contraction of Oxford and Cambridge.
- the South Bank (in London): rive sud de la Tamise (avec la Tate Modern, la BFI, le National Theatre et d'autres musées ou salles de spectacles)
- V&A : Victoria and Albert Museum à Londres
- the Virgin Queen / Gloriana: Queen Elizabeth I
- the West End (in London)= Theatreland
- Westminster: a metonymy for the UK Parliament.
- Whitehall : a metonymy for the UK governmental administration.
- DC : District of Columbia (référence à la capitale fédérale américaine, Washington)
- Bill of Rights : les dix premiers amendements de la Constitution américaine
- The Big Three (US) : the big three automakers (Ford, Chrysler, General Motors)
- Black Thursday : Wall Street crash (October 24th, 1929)
- Broadway (in New York)
- Capitol Hill : a metonymy for the US Congress
- the Emerald City : Seattle
- Founding Fathers : les Pères fondateurs, les rédacteurs de la Constitution américaine
- D-day : Le Jour du Débarquement allié en Europe en juin 1944.
- the Gipper : Ronald Reagan
- Honest Abe : Abraham Lincoln
- Ike : Dwight Eisenhower
- the Ivy League (US) : Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Princeton, Yale.
- La La Land = a derogatory nickname for Hollywood and its entertainment industry.
- MOMA : Museum of Modern Art à New York
- Motor Town : Detroit
- Ol' Blue Eyes : Frank Sinatra
- Old Hickory : Andrew Jackson
- Pilgrim Fathers : les Pères pèlerins, arrivés à Plymouth en 1620 à bord du Mayflower
- Wall Street: Bourse de New York
- the White House : Metonymy for the Presidential Palace in Washington D.C.
- Windy City : Chicago
- Down Under/ The land of Oz : Australia
- the Emerald Island : Ireland (la verte Erin)
- the M4 carbine = un type de carabine.
- NIMBY: Not in my backyard
